ABSTRACT
The Sonic Hegdehog/GLI (SHH/GLI) pathway has been extensively studied for its role in developmental and cancer biology. During early embryonic development the SHH pathway is involved mainly in pattern formation, while in latter stages its function in stem cell and progenitor proliferation becomes increasingly relevant. During postnatal development and in adult tissues, SHH/GLI promotes cell homeostasis by actively regulating gene transcription, recapitulating the function observed during normal tissue growth. In this review, we will briefly discuss the fundamental importance of SHH/GLI in tumor growth and cancer evolution and we will then provide insights into a possible novel mechanism of SHH action in cancer through autophagy modulation in cancer stem cells. Autophagy is a homeostatic mechanism that when disrupted can promote and accelerate tumor progression in both cancer cells and the stroma that harbors tumorigenesis. Understanding possible new targets for SHH signaling and its contribution to cancer through modulation of autophagy might provide better strategies in order to design combined treatments and perform clinical trials.
Subject(s)
Humans , Autophagy/physiology , Hedgehog Proteins/physiology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Neuroblastoma/physiopathology , Transcription Factors/physiology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Neuroblastoma/pathology , Neuroblastoma/therapy , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Los países que han disminuido la morbimortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino en aproximadamente un 60%, desarrollaron programas de prevención a través del tamizaje periódico y frecuente logrando coberturas altas en la población de riesgo brindando tratamiento inmediato y posterior seguimiento de las lesiones precancerosas. En el Perú los esfuerzos para combatir el cáncer de cuello uterino se enfoco en tomar muestras de papanicolou en la población de riesgo sin seguimiento posterior de las pacientes con citología positiva. En Junín departamento de la sierra central el 28 de Noviembre del 2006, se crea la primera Unidad de tratamiento de displasia de cuello uterino en el País, con claros objetivos; evaluación, diagnostico y tratamiento de lesiones precancerosas de cuello uterino de la población femenina de la región Junín. Después de 30 meses de funcionamiento se han logrado las siguientes actos médicos: 3064 consultas especializadas , 1135 paps, 363 colposcopias, 81 Conos Leep,98 criotrapia y 109 referencias al INEN(carcinomas de cuello uterino infiltrante). Esta experiencia de la unidad de displasia de cuello uterino, realiza en Concepción, Junín se podrá implementar en las distintas regiones a lo largo de todo nuestro país dando así un paso importante para cerrar el circulo de un programa exitoso en la lucha contra el cáncer de cuello Uterino en el Perú.
The countries who have reduced morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer by about 60%, implemented prevention programs and developed through regular and frequent screening in female patients achieving high coverage in the population at risk by providing immediate treatment and subsequent monitoring of precancerous lesions. In Peru's efforts to combat cervical cancer are focused by taking samples of cervical citology in the risk population without subsequent monitoring of patients with positive cytology. Junin department of the central highlands, two years ago ( November, 28, 2006) establishing the first treatment unit of cervical dysplasia in our Country, with clear objectives, evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of cervical precancerous lesions in female population the Concepcion - Junin and around cities. After 30 months of activity at the Unit of cervical dysplasia have been made following medical events: 3064 specialized consultations, 1135 samples of cervical citology, 363 colposcopy, 81 Cono Leep, 98 criotherapy and 109 references to INEN (invasive cervical Carcinoma). This experience of the Unit of cervical dysplasia, held in Concepcion, Junin could be implemented in different regions throughout our country, giving thus an important step to close the loop of a successful program to combat cancer cervix in Peru.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/therapy , Vaginal Smears , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & controlABSTRACT
En la actualidad se considera que la infección con el papiloma virus humano es una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual mas frecuente en el mundo. Donde los hombres están implicados en la cadena epidemiológica. Actuando a la vez, como portadores y vectores del HPV oncogénico. Por lo tanto los compañeros sexuales de la mujer que hace la enfermedad contribuyen como un factor de riesgo importante en el desarrollo del cáncer de cérvix. Es un estudio longitudinal prospectivo analítico realizado en el periodo de Enero de 2007 a Junio de 2009, los datos se recogieron a través de una encuesta realizada a cada pareja de las pacientes con citología positiva consignando los datos en una ficha codificada y validada. Se realizaron 86 encuestas a las parejas de las pacientes consignadas dentro del estudio, la edad promedio de los encuestados fue 45 años, 55.8% iniciaron sus relaciones sexuales antes de los 20 años, 47.6% tuvieron contacto sexual con mas de 10 mujeres en el transcurso de su vida, 79% tuvieron contacto sexual con trabajadoras sexuales, de los cuales 61.2% tomaron los servicios de estas por más de 2 veces, solo el 9.3% que mantuvo relaciones sexuales con trabajadoras sexuales usaron preservativos.
Currently infection with human papilloma virus is considered sexually transmitted disease common in the world. Men are involved in the epidemiological chain. Because they were acting as carriers and vectors of oncogenic HPV. Therefore sexual partners of women who has disease were important risk factor in development cervical cancer. This is prospective longitudinal study made between January 2007 to June 2009, data were collected through survey ,all couple of patients with positive cytology by coded and validated form 86 surveys were conducted with all partners of patientÆs positive cytology .The average age of respondents was 45 years, 55.8% initiated sexual activity before 20 years , 47.6% had sexual contact with more than 10 women in their lifetime, 79% had sexual contact with sex workers women. 61.2% took services of them more than 2 times, only 9.3% who had sex with sex workers women used condoms.